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Dandruff is a common skin condition that affects the scalp, causing white or yellowish flakes to appear on the hair and clothing. It is not a serious condition, but it can be uncomfortable and embarrassing. Dandruff is caused by a number of factors, including dry skin, oiliness, and certain skin conditions. In this article, we will discuss the causes of dandruff and its treatment.

Causes of Dandruff:

1. Dry Skin: When the skin on the scalp becomes dry, it can lead to dandruff. This is because dry skin causes the skin cells to flake off, resulting in white or yellowish flakes on the hair and clothing.
2. Oily Skin: Oily skin can also lead to dandruff. This is because an overproduction of oil on the scalp can cause skin cells to stick together and form flakes.
3. Fungal Infections: A type of yeast called Malassezia can cause dandruff. This yeast thrives on the oils on the scalp, causing an overproduction of skin cells that flake off.
4. Sensitive Skin: Some people may have sensitive skin that reacts to certain hair products, such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. This can cause the skin to become irritated, leading to dandruff.
5. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, and seborrheic dermatitis, can cause dandruff.

Treatment of Dandruff:

1. Shampoo: Over-the-counter dandruff shampoos contain active ingredients that help to control the yeast that causes dandruff. Some common active ingredients include pyrithione zinc, salicylic acid, and selenium sulfide.
2. Moisturize: Keeping the scalp moisturized can help to prevent dandruff. This can be done by using a moisturizing shampoo and conditioner, or by applying a light oil to the scalp.
3. Avoid Irritants: Avoiding hair products that contain harsh chemicals can help to prevent dandruff. It is also important to avoid using hot tools, such as hair dryers and straighteners, on a daily basis.
4. Medications: In severe cases of dandruff, a doctor may prescribe a stronger shampoo or medication to help control the yeast on the scalp.

In conclusion, dandruff is a common skin condition that affects the scalp. It is caused by a number of factors, including dry skin, oiliness, and certain skin conditions. To treat dandruff, it is important to use a dandruff shampoo, keep the scalp moisturized, avoid irritants, and see a doctor if necessary. With proper treatment, dandruff can be controlled and prevented.